How to treat diabetes?Of course, insulin.Everyone knows this, even those who stay away from drugs.After all, diabetes (the following is diabetes) is when sugar increases.Insulin reduces this sugar.
Usually, right.If you don't take into account some trivial, at first glance, but actually important details.
insulin
Yes, insulin does reduce high sugars (more precisely - glucose) in the plasma.
For type 1 diabetes that develops primarily at a young age, absolute insulin deficiency is noted - a hormone that is not secreted (or is secreted in low amounts) by certain pancreatic structures, while the Langans wash away.
Without insulin - Without glucose utilization, further metabolic processes are pathological.If you introduce insulin into the framework of replacement therapy, you can correct this to some extent.
Under the influence of this drug, glucose enters where it should be - splitting in a cage.Metabolism has been normalized.
If it isn't that difficult, everything will be simple.The truth is that in some cases, the introduction of insulin can cause big problems rather than absence.The reason is hypoglycemia, and glucose in plasma drops sharply.
Excessive insulin can be very fast and sometimes immediately affected.
The skin turns white, blood pressure drops, and coma, and it is difficult for patients to remove it.
The cause of hypoglycemia is not only due to overdose of drugs, but also the inappropriate administration of insulin.This medication can only be taken after taking light foods.Before insulin is introduced, physical exercise, stress is not advisable.
This is why the dose of insulin is carefully selected by endocrinologists, depending on the plasma (the amount of glucose in the plasma), which is determined by laboratory means.
Daily doses depend on blood sugar levels, the course of diabetes, and are determined by the doctor individually for each patient.
Typical breakdown of this dose is 30% before breakfast, 35% before lunch, 25% before dinner, and 10% at night.
Although these numbers may vary depending on lifestyle and how you work.To select the appropriate insulin for initially detected diabetes, diabetes with few detected diabetes can go away for several days.Landmarks are the same - laboratory indicators.
Due to low blood sugar rice, insulin is prohibited from introducing ambulance workers in the pre-hospital stage where blood sugar cannot be controlled.
Yes, there have been many portable devices for measuring blood sugar recently, with sugar meters designed to measure blood sugar.
But first, the reliability of the sugar meter sometimes has many shortcomings.
Second, as mentioned earlier, the delayed introduction of insulin is not as terrible as his overdose.
It is worth noting that the insulin used to treat diabetes is not homogeneous.
It can be pork, cattle (obtained from the pancreas of blocked animals) and synthesized by genetic engineering.
Insulin is different in action.If it is necessary to reduce blood sugar as soon as possible, short-acting insulin will be introduced.The effect happens quickly within the first 15-20 minutes, but it won't last long.
The average duration and extended effect of insulin is designed to create the necessary blood sugar background during the day.Depending on the specific clinical situation, the type and combination of endocrinologists are also prescribed by endocrinologists.
Sahara
If insulin is produced only in the form of an injectable solution (destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract), then the large amount of hypoglycemic drugs for hypoglycemic drugs are represented by the tablets internal intake.
It should be noted that insulin and lower sugar agents for diabetes are not interchangeable.
Rather, insulin is only effective in types of type 1 diabetes.
All lower sugars are used only for 2 insulin-dependent types of diseases.This type is based on relative insulin deficiency.This means that the total amount of insulin produced by the pancreas is normal or even increased.But he is still missing.
This occurs in obesity when the amount of fat tissue increases, and the body has a lower compensatory capacity.
There are several types of sugar slices.All of this alters the process of biochemical reactions in one way or another, thereby stimulating insulin production in beta cells.
At some point, beta cells are depleted, relative insulin deficiency becomes absolute, and further transition is needed for insulin therapy.
Sometimes, the basis of diabetes may be increased production of thyroid hormones, adrenal and pituitary glands.These hormones act exactly the opposite of this insulin - they increase glucose levels in the blood.
After confirming high levels of cod worm hormone by laboratory methods, specify specific injections that regulate their levels.
glucose
It turns out that glucose in diabetes is also not important.This is especially true for severe forms of disease.
Timely introduction of glucoseLower blood sugar conditions- This is a matter of life and death.After all, blood sugar levels should be increased as soon as possible.To this end, concentrated 40% glucose was administered intravenously with a syringe.
ifThe patient is conscious, they gave him warm tea with sugar.
But high blood sugar (high sugar) also requires glucose administration.
Most importantly, glucose accumulates in large quantities in the plasma.But the cell did not receive this glucose.The pathological mechanism of saccharification is initiated - the synthesis of glucose of fats and proteins, which are deeply broken down.
To prevent this from happening, glucose is introduced intravenously as part of the so-called polarization mixture of SO.The mixture includes one of 5% glucose, insulin and potassium drugs.Insulin helps to penetrate glucose into the cage while it "pulls" potassium with him.This is the most important intracellular element that controls almost all metabolic processes in cells.
Another state when glucose is crucial is to increase urine release from diabetes, which is called diabetic urea.
This is due to high plasma concentrations and secondary renal damage.Glucose is lost along with urine.In this case, SO is called false positive - glucose levels in the blood decrease without insulin.
In fact, due to the differences between laboratory indicators and objective data, this is a potentially dangerous disease with "scissors", called an endocrinologist.The only way to avoid these "scissors" is to drip the glucose solution in time.
Certification and alkalization
The first is fluid loss, which quickly leads to dehydration or dehydration.What follows is that excess glucose in the blood is converted into ketone bodies (acetone and other compounds) with acidic reactions.
This process is called ketoacidosis.
It was extremely difficult to carry out, and it was sad without treatment.Dehydration and ketoacidosis are burdened by each other.
To eliminate dehydration, rehydration was performed - supplemental fluid deficiency.Diabetes is again involved in large quantities, with up to 3 liters or more per day infusion of various solutions.
In addition to the above glucose, ordinary isotonic sodium chloride solution (brine) and other solutions containing sodium, chloride, magnesium, and potassium ions must be given.
The liquid-deficient supplement normalizes the balance of acid and alkali in the body and largely eliminates acidification in tissues-acidosis.An effective way to fight acidosis is to inject sterile alkaline solutions.These include sodium bicarbonate, or simple soda.If the patient's condition allows, it is best to drink a lot of alkaline in the form of alkaline waters.
Other medicines
Diabetes is a systemic disease.This means that pathology is not limited to the use of the pancreas alone - almost all organs and tissues suffer one way.To a large extent, this is due to diabetic vascular disease - lesions of blood vessels and capillaries.
At the same time, blood circulation in these blood vessels and capillaries is disturbed, which can lead to secondary lesions of internal organs - mainly the ocular retina (retinopathy) and the kidney (nephrology).In order to eliminate vascular disease, intravenous infusion of various drugs to improve systemic blood circulation was carried out.
In addition to these drugs, drugs that affect the specific role of metabolic processes in nerve fibers are also specified.
Violations of blood circulation in capillary networks often complicate nutritional ulcers due to the main positioning inside the lower leg.
Treatment of these ulcers requires the use of topical preservatives and antibiotics.Diabetic patients suffer from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction more than the rest of diabetic patients.
In treating these diseases, heart elements are used, which positively affects the myocardium, anti-dural sclerosis and lower blood pressure (lower blood pressure) drugs.Not only does diabetes require, but also various vitamin mineral complexes are taken in the form of drugs and bioactive food additives.
Diabetes diet
Proper nutrition for diabetes treatment is as important as medicine.Failure to adhere to the diet will reduce the effectiveness of these drugs to zero.This is especially true for the first type of diabetes, where the smallest mistake in nutrition is full of serious consequences.Basic requirements for diabetes diet:
- A small portion of food intake is 4-5 times;
- The balanced ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrates;
- The amount of calories that food receives should be equal to the amount consumed;
- Obesity - Lose too much weight.
In this regard, it is taboo to easily digest carbohydrates, fat meat, candy, soup, coffee, butter, grapes.Instead of white bread - black instead of sugar - sugar - diabetics.
Diet preference should be compared with cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat), light vegetable soup, and fresh vegetables.Each patient's diet was developed individually by a dietician.
in conclusion
Of course, this article is by no means a self-determination, diabetes can be expensive.It should be noted that it is impossible to completely cure insulin-dependent diabetes.Unfortunately, but the truth.But correct, regular treatments, protective regimes, food and physical limitations will help restore a fulfilling life and avoid unnecessary complications.